In the realm of fluid mechanics, flow regimes characterize the distinct behaviors exhibited by fluids in motion. At one extreme, we encounter steady motion, a scenario where fluid velocity remains unchanging at each point over time. This regime is often characterized by smooth, predictable paths. In contrast, turbulence introduces a state of unpred

Engineering design depends heavily on the principles and algorithms of mathematics. With fundamental calculations to complex simulations, mathematical models provide engineers with the framework to analyze, design, and enhance systems. A deep understanding of mathematical theories is essential for addressing engineering issues and developing innova